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Gorakhpur

Coordinates: 26°45′49″N 83°24′14″E / 26.7637152°N 83.4039116°E / 26.7637152; 83.4039116
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For other uses, see Gorakhpur (disambiguation).

Gorakhpur
Gorakshapuram
Metropolis[1]
From Top Clockwise : Gorakhnath Temple, Aerial View of Ramgarh Tal, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur Zoo
From Top Clockwise : Gorakhnath Temple, Aerial View of Ramgarh Tal, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur Zoo
Gorakhpur is located in Uttar Pradesh
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is located in India
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Coordinates: 26°45′49″N 83°24′14″E / 26.7637152°N 83.4039116°E / 26.7637152; 83.4039116
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
DistrictGorakhpur
DivisionGorakhpur
Named forGorakhnath
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyGorakhpur Municipal Corporation
 • MayorManglesh Kumar Srivastava[2] (BJP)
 • Lok Sabha MPRavi Kishan, (BJP)
 • Municipal CommissionerAvinash Singh[3]
Area
[4]
 • GMC
226.0 km2 (87.3 sq mi)
 • Metro [1][5][6]1,041.0 km2 (401.9 sq mi)
Elevation
75 m (246 ft)
Population
 (2011-2020 hybrid)[7] [8][9]
 • GMC
1,300,000
 • Density5,800/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,500,000[1][5][6]
Demonym(s)Gorakhpuri, Gorakhpuriya
Language
 • OfficialHindi[10]
 • Additional officialUrdu[10]
 • RegionalBhojpuri[11]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
2730xx
Telephone code+91-0551
Vehicle registrationUP-53
Sex ratio♂1000/903♀
Avg. annual temperature26 °C (79 °F)
Avg. summer temperature40 °C (104 °F)
Avg. winter temperature18 °C (64 °F)
Websitegorakhpur.nic.in

Gorakhpur is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, along the banks of the Rapti river in the Purvanchal region. It is situated 272 kilometres east of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur district, North Eastern Railway Zone and Gorakhpur division. The city is home to the Gorakhnath Math, a Gorakhnath temple. The city also has had an Indian Air Force station since 1963. Gita Press, the world's largest publisher of Hindu religious texts like Ramayana and Mahabharata, has been established here since 1926.[a][12][13]

Etymology

[edit]

The name "Gorakhpur" comes from the Sanskrit Gorakshapuram, which means abode of Gorakshanatha, a renowned ascetic who was a prominent saint of the Nath Sampradaya.[14][15]

History

[edit]

Gorakhpur's history can be traced back to the 6th century BCE when it was known as Ramgram. The name was derived from the Ramgarh Lake, a prominent feature in the region. The lake eventually submerged, but it remained a symbol of the area's spiritual significance. In ancient times, Gorakhpur was part of the kingdom of Koshal, one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas or powerful states in ancient India. The capital of this kingdom was Ayodhya, and the region was closely associated with the story of Lord Rama, a central figure in Hindu mythology and the revered king of the Ikshvaku/Solar dynasty. His influence shaped the religious and cultural fabric of the region, marking it as an area with a strong spiritual identity.

By the 3rd century BCE, the political landscape of the region began to shift with the rise of the Maurya Empire. During this period, the region came to be known as Pipphalivana, a name reflecting its deep connection to Buddhism and Jainism. It was in this period that Lord Buddha is believed to have passed through this area, renouncing his princely life near the confluence of the Rapti and Rohini river. This event elevated Gorakhpur as an important center for Buddhist teachings. Additionally, the region holds strong associations with Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, who is said to have traveled through the area, further enriching its spiritual legacy.

By the 9th century CE, the region was recognized as a place of spiritual significance, referred to as Pipphalivana. It became known for being a sanctuary for ascetics and sages seeking enlightenment in the tranquil forests surrounding the area.

The Rise of Gorakhnath and the Evolution of the Region

The 9th century AD marked a crucial turning point in the history of Gorakhpur with the arrival of Saint Gorakhnath, the founder of the Nath tradition of Hinduism. His teachings and spiritual practices had a profound impact on the region, with his influence continuing to shape the cultural and spiritual life of Gorakhpur. In recognition of his spiritual legacy, the Gorakhnath Math was established in his honour, which remains a major pilgrimage site to this day.

Around this time, the early settlements of Puran Gorakhpur, Madhopur, and Jaitpur emerged. These settlements were under the rule of the Tharu king Man Sen, also known as Madan Singh, who is credited with constructing a fort in the region. This fort marked an important phase in the development of Gorakhpur and its surrounding areas. The region continued to be a center of spiritual and cultural activity, with the influence of Gorakhnath still evident today in the lives of the people. A famous shrine, Gorakhnath Math/Temple, was built in his honour on the same spot where he practiced austerities.

Medieval Period

The medieval period brought significant political changes to Gorakhpur. As northern India came under the control of Muslim rulers, the region underwent further transformations. In the late 13th century, Gorakhpur fell under the control of Alauddin Khalji, and the revered Goraksha Shrine was converted into a mosque. Despite the political upheaval, the spiritual importance of the region continued to be preserved, with devotees of Gorakhnath continuing to visit his samadhi (tomb) in Gorakhpur.

During the 16th century, the Mughal Empire, under Emperor Akbar, incorporated Gorakhpur into its administrative division as a sarkar (province) within the Awadh region. The town grew in importance, serving as a military garrison strategically located to the north of the Ghaghra River. Despite these political shifts, Gorakhpur’s spiritual and cultural legacy continued to thrive, with Kabir, the poet-saint, composing his hymns in nearby villages like Maghar. These spiritual movements contributed to the cultural richness of the region during this time.

British Colonial Era

The arrival of the British East India Company in the early 19th century marked a new era in Gorakhpur’s history. In 1801, the region came under British control after the Nawab of Awadh ceded it to the British. Over the next few decades, Gorakhpur became an important military and administrative hub. The British established a cantonment in the city in 1810, and the introduction of the railway in 1884 played a significant role in the growth and development of the region. The construction of railway colonies further spurred the expansion of the city, marking a period of infrastructural growth.

In 1829, Gorakhpur became the headquarters of a division that included Ghazipur, Azamgarh, and Basti, reflecting the growing administrative importance of the city. During British rule, new districts were carved out, with Basti becoming a separate district in 1865, Deoria in 1946, and Mahrajganj in 1989. These changes reflected the political shifts in the region under British governance.

The Indian Independence Struggle saw Gorakhpur play a pivotal role. One of the most significant events in the city’s modern history was the Chauri Chaura incident on February 4, 1922, when a group of protesters, angered by police brutality, attacked a police station and killed 19 policemen. This event led Mahatma Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement. In 1927, the revolutionary freedom fighter Ram Prasad Bismil was imprisoned in Gorakhpur's District Jail, and later executed by the British. His writings continue to inspire the nation’s struggle for independence. The region also saw significant incidents during the Quit India Movement of 1942, including a firing incident in Sahjanwa, where nine individuals lost their lives.

Post-Independence and Modern Development

After India gained independence in 1947, Gorakhpur continued to evolve politically, culturally, and administratively. In 1982, Gorakhpur was officially designated as a Municipal Corporation (India), reflecting the growing urbanization and importance of the city. The 21st century saw further political and cultural shifts under the leadership of Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, who initiated changes such as renaming neighbourhoods like Alinagar to Aryanagar and Urdu Bazaar to Hindi Bazaar, marking an ongoing evolution in the city's identity.

One of the most prominent institutions in modern-day Gorakhpur is the Gita Press, established in the city. It is one of the largest publishers of Hindu religious literature in the world and is best known for publishing the "Kalyan" magazine and inscribing the Bhagavad Gita on its walls. This institution has become a key cultural and spiritual center in Gorakhpur.

Gorakhpur’s agricultural legacy continues to be a key element of its identity. The Rapti River and its surrounding waterways play a significant role in sustaining the region's agricultural economy. After the monsoon rains, the region transforms into vast expanses of water, with villages appearing like islands. The fertility of the land is a symbol of the sustenance that has shaped the development of the region’s agricultural practices.

Cultural and Artistic Legacy

The cultural legacy of Gorakhpur is rich and varied, with notable figures in the fields of literature, art, and music. Firaq Gorakhpuri, the famous Urdu poet, was born in Gorakhpur, and his contributions to poetry are widely celebrated. The city also has a deep connection to Premchand, one of the most prominent figures in Hindi literature, whose works on social issues continue to resonate in Indian literature. Additionally, the renowned painter Amrita Sher-Gil spent time in Gorakhpur, where she captured its stark realities in her artwork, such as "Mother India" and "The Little Untouchable."

Geography

[edit]
Ramgarh Tal Lake

Gorakhpur is situated about 100 km from the Nepal border, 193 km from Varanasi, 260 km from Patna and 270 km from Lucknow. It is one of the flood vulnerable districts in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Data over the past 100 years show a considerable increase in the intensity and frequency of floods, with extreme events occurring every three to four years. Roughly 20% of the population is affected by floods, which are an annual occurrence in some areas, causing huge loss of life, health, and livelihoods for the poor inhabitants, as well as damage to public and private property.[16]

Gorakhpur is situated on the bank's of Rapti river which is a tributary of Ghagra river. A fairly large lake Ramgarh Tal Lake is also situated in the eastern part of the city.

Climate

[edit]

The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Cwa (dry-winter humid subtropical climate).[17]

Climate data for Gorakhpur (1991-2020, extremes 1901-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0) 		35.4
(95.7) 		42.4
(108.3) 		45.0
(113.0) 		49.4
(120.9) 		46.5
(115.7) 		43.2
(109.8) 		39.5
(103.1) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.8
(98.2) 		30.5
(86.9) 		49.4
(120.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		32.1
(89.8) 		37.4
(99.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.3
(97.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.7
(90.9) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.3
(90.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		31.2
(88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.8
(58.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		24.2
(75.6) 		29.5
(85.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.4
(88.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		25.3
(77.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		16.3
(61.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		24.9
(76.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		19.2
(66.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		8.1
(46.6) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.5
(54.5) 		6.7
(44.1) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.0
(33.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 14.8
(0.58) 		15.6
(0.61) 		7.9
(0.31) 		10.5
(0.41) 		46.2
(1.82) 		187.8
(7.39) 		353.5
(13.92) 		330.8
(13.02) 		220.7
(8.69) 		47.8
(1.88) 		1.1
(0.04) 		4.1
(0.16) 		1,240.9
(48.85)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.9 3.1 7.4 13.2 13.0 8.7 2.0 0.2 0.3 52.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 67 54 39 31 39 56 73 76 74 68 67 69 59
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[18][19][20]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[21]

Gorakhpur has been ranked 4th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[22]

Demographics

[edit]
Religion in Gorakhpur City (2011)[23]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 77.88%
Islam
 
 20.61%
Christianity
 
 0.74%
Other or not stated
 
 0.77%

As of 2011 Indian Census, Gorakhpur had a total population of 673,446, of which 353,907 were males and 319,539 were females. It has a sex ratio of 903 females per 1000 males. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 69,596. Gorakhpur had a literacy rate of 75.2%, of which male literacy was 79.4% and female literacy was 70.6%. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population of Gorakhpur was 83.9%, of which the male literacy rate was 88.7% and the female literacy rate was 78.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 62,728 and 2,929, respectively. Gorakhpur had 112,237 households in 2011.[24]

According to a 2020 report, 31 villages have been incorporated in the municipal corporation limits increasing the population to over 1 million. The city area has also increased from 145.5 km2 in 2011 to 226.6 km2.[4]

The state government has also declared Gorakhpur,as a metropolis on 22 November 2021. Apart from Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation, the government has declared three nagar panchayats and eight development blocks as a metropolitan area. For this, the urban Development Department has issued a notification to the city. According to the order issued by the Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development, now in Gorakhpur Metropolitan Region, Municipal Corporation, Nagar Panchayat Pipraich, Nagar Panchayat PPganj, Nagar Panchayat Mundera Bazar, Chargawa, Khorabar, Pipraich, Sardar Nagar, Piprauli, Jungle Kaudiya, Campierganj and The entire area of Bhathat development block has been covered. After this the population of Gorakhpur metropolis will be around 25 lakhs.[1]

Languages in Gorakhpur (2011)[25]

  Hindi (82.41%)
  Urdu (10.57%)
  Bhojpuri (6.26%)
  Others (0.76%)

Hindi is the most spoken language in the city, although many of those recorded as speaking 'Hindi' actually speak Bhojpuri. Urdu is also spoken here.[25]

Governance

[edit]

Gorakhpur's governance is structured through multiple administrative bodies to ensure effective management and inclusivity. The Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam Gorakhpur) serves as the city's primary governing entity, responsible for infrastructure, public services, and special initiatives for vulnerable groups, including Persons with Disabilities (PwD). It is led by a democratically elected mayor and council members. The Gorakhpur Development Authority (GDA[26]), established under the Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act of 1973, focuses on the city's urban planning and development initiatives, emphasising accessibility for all. At the divisional level, the Divisional Commissioner oversees four districts, including Gorakhpur, and is responsible for local government institutions, infrastructure development, and maintaining law and order. Additionally, the Gorakhpur Industrial Development Authority (GIDA[27]), formed by the Uttar Pradesh Government on 30 November 1989, under the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, manages industrial development while integrating accessibility standards for inclusive growth.

These entities collaborate to ensure efficient governance, sustainable development, and inclusivity, addressing the needs of all citizens, including PwD.

Transport

[edit]

Railways

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Junction railway station
Gorakhpur Junction railway station

Gorakhpur is connected through a rail network and Gorakhpur railway station. Until March 2021, it had world's longest platform of 1366 meters.[b][28] In February 2020, 100 flowering pots with the support structures were made and installed on the hydrant pipe at platform No.2 to increase the plantation and natural cover, using local resources of the Gorakhpur coaching depot.[29]

The station offers Class A-1 railway station facilities. From 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur had the world's longest railway platform, after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around 1,355.40 metres (0.84 mi).[30][31][32][33]

Gorakhpur is the headquarters of North Eastern Railways.[34]

Air

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Airport
A look to the Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport

An Air Force station of Indian Air Force was established in Gorakhpur in 1963 named Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport and extended for public air transport.[35]

Metro

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Metro

Gorakhpur Metro is a light metro project with 2 line and 27 stations is light rail transit (LRT) system approved to be built in Gorakhpur. It consist two corridors covering a distance of 27.84 km.[36] On 1 December 2021 the central government has also approved the DPR of Gorakhpur light metro project.[37]

Education

[edit]
Administrative Block of MMMUT
Main article: List of educational institutions in Gorakhpur

Gorakhpur has 4 universities, namely, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Maha Yogi Guru Gorakhnath Ayush University,[38] Mahayogi Gorakhnath University, a private university.[39] One medical college named Baba Raghav Das Medical College and AIIMS Gorakhpur and a sports college named Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College. The state's first Hotel Management Institute has also been unveiled and would be known as State Institute of Hotel Management.[40] Also, four private engineering / pharmacy / management college,ITM,KIPM,BIT, GIDA & SIT, Gorakhpur[41][42] which is affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow. It also has a dental institute named as Purvanchal Institute Of Dental Science in gida, gorakhpur.[43]

Sports

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Yogi Adityanath, 21st and current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, has served in Gorakhpur as a Member of Parliament and is the head priest of the Gorakhnath Temple.
  • Prem Chand, Hindi writer, worked as a teacher in Gorakhpur (1916-1921).
  • Daler Mehndi, famous Punjabi singer, started his career in Gorakhpur.
  • Jimmy Shergill, actor, known for work in Hindi and Punjabi cinema, has roots in Gorakhpur.
  • Amrapali Dubey, actress, primarily in Bhojpuri films, hails from Gorakhpur.
  • Ravi Dubey, actor, model, television presenter, and producer, born in Gorakhpur.
  • Anurag Kashyap, film director, renowned for his contributions to Hindi cinema, associated with Gorakhpur.
  • Subrata Roy, Indian businessman, founder of Sahara India Pariwar, linked to Gorakhpur.
  • Mahadevi Verma was an Indian poet and essayist who studied at Gorakhpur University.
  • Baba Raghav Das, social worker and philanthropist, established Kushth Sewa Ashram in Gorakhpur.
  • Hanuman Prasad Poddar, editor of Kalyan, propagated Hinduism globally through his publications in Gorakhpur.
  • Vidya Niwas Mishra, eminent scholar in Hindi and Sanskrit literature, associated with Gorakhpur.
  • Syed Modi, national badminton champion and Arjuna Awardee, trained in Gorakhpur.
  • Narendra Hirwani, cricketer, set a national record for wickets in a test match, based in Gorakhpur.
  • Prem Maya Sonir, hockey player, Arjuna Awardee, Indian Women’s Hockey Team captain, from Gorakhpur.
  • Hari Shankar Tiwari, politician, notable for his influence in Uttar Pradesh politics, from Gorakhpur.
  • Amarmani Tripathi, politician, former MLA from Uttar Pradesh, has strong connections to Gorakhpur.
  • Saeeda Faiz, educator and social reformer from Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, with connections to Gorakhpur.
  • Farhat Basir Khan, photographer and media studies academic, associated with Gorakhpur.
  • Vipin Patwa, politician and social worker, involved in activities related to Gorakhpur.
  • Nivruti Rai, engineer and corporate leader, associated with Gorakhpur.
  • Bandhu Singh, revolutionary and freedom fighter, linked to Gorakhpur.
  • Mahant Avaidyanath, Indian politician and Hindu guru, led the Gorakhnath Temple in Gorakhpur.
  • Vidya Niwas Mishra, Hindi-Sanskrit littérateur and journalist, associated with Gorakhpur.
  • Mahendra Nath Mulla, officer of the Indian Navy, recipient of Maha Vir Chakra, born in Gorakhpur.
  • Sanjay Nishad, politician, founder of NISHAD Party, linked to Gorakhpur.
  • Kamlesh Paswan, politician and Member of Parliament, 17th Lok Sabha, connected to Gorakhpur.
  • Asit Sen, Bollywood actor, has ties to Gorakhpur.
  • Prakash Shukla, Indian contract killer, known for his criminal activities in Gorakhpur.
  • Vir Bahadur Singh, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, has strong ties with Gorakhpur.
  • Sourav Dubey, is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman who currently plays for Tripura.
  • Radha Mohan Das Agarwal, National General Secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)
  • Kamal Kishor, Indian politician and a former Member of Parliament of India.
  • Sarvan Kumar Nishad, Indian politician, engineer, and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly.
  • Vinod Panday, Indian politician who currently National Executive Member and Former President of BJP Kisan Morcha.
  • Hansu Ram, Indian politician, farmer, and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh.
  • Pradeep Shukla is an Indian politician and a member of 18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh.
  • Aman Mani Tripathi, Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh.
  • Rishi Tripathi, Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly.
  • Vijay Bahadur Yadav,Indian politician and a member in 15th and 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh.
  • Amardeep Singh, Indian researcher, writer, photographer and documentary filmmaker based in Singapore.
  • Saqi Farooqi, British-Pakistani poet who wrote in both Urdu and English.
  • Suhail Zaheer Lari, A Pakistani historian and author who focused on research and documentation of the history of the Sindh region in Southern Pakistan.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Gita press was initially formed in 1923 and started publishing only since 1927
  2. ^ Since March 2021 Hubballi railway station's Pf no.1 is world longest platform, its length is 1,505 meters.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "गोरखपुर को महानगर बनाने की अधिसूचना जारी". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Gorakhpur seat stays with BJP, vote share rises". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ "Gorakhpur Nagar Nigam". nagarnigamgkp.org. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b "NIC GORAKHPUR 2011 CENSUS". Government of India, NIC. 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b Gupta, Anurag (20 November 2021). "गोरखपुर भी महानगर क्षेत्र घोषित-यूपी सरकार ने जारी की अधिसूचना, अब हो सकेगा मेट्रो का संचालन". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b द्विवेदी, रामगोपाल (31 December 2021). "गोरखपुर के विकास के लिए 2031 तक का मास्टर प्लान तैयार, शहरी सीमा का ढाई गुना होगा विस्तार". News18 हिंदी (in Hindi). Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  7. ^ "outer-village-of-gorakhpur-included-in-municipal-corporation-boundary". Amarujala.
  8. ^ "बढ़ गया नगर निगम गोरखपुर का दायरा, अब संझाई समेत ये 32 गांव होंगे शहरी". Amarujala. 23 December 2020.
  9. ^ "एक लाख और बढ़ गई गोरखपुर शहर की आबादी,छह और गांव होंगे शहरी". Dainik jagran. 7 March 2020.
  10. ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  11. ^ "Bhojpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Gita Press | Hindu publishing organization". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  13. ^ Verma, Lalmani (28 July 2022). "A century old, how Gita Press came to be 'leading purveyor of print Hinduism'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  14. ^ "History – Origin of Name". gorakhpur.nic.in. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Mallinson, James (2011) 'Nāth Saṃpradāya.' In: Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol. 3. Brill, pp. 407–428" (PDF). Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  16. ^ Integrating climate change concerns into disaster management planning: The case of Gorakhpur, India by Shiraz A. Wajih and Shashikant Chopde, the Climate and Environment Knowledge Network, 2014
  17. ^ "Gorakhpur, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  18. ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Station: Gorakhpur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 297–298. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  20. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Normals Data: Gorakhpur – India Latitude: 26.75°N Longitude: 83.37°E Height: 78 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024.
  23. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  24. ^ "Census of India: Gorakhpur". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  25. ^ a b "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  26. ^ "Gorakhpur Development Authority". gdagkp.in. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
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  28. ^ Huralimath, Arunkumar (21 March 2021). "World's longest railway platform in Hubballi in its final stage of construction". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
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